![]() MOGAD MRI brain multiple sclerosis myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder orbit spine. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Early accurate diagnosis of MOGAD is important because prognosis and treatment differ from those for NMOSD and MS. During this test, the neurologist inserts a needle into the lower back to remove a small amount of spinal fluid. Spinal involvement is seen as longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis with a sagittal T2-hyperintense intramedullary spinal line, the axial "H" spinal cord sign (central cord gray matter T2 hyperintensity), and conus medullaris involvement. A myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG) antibody test also might be used to look for another inflammatory disorder that mimics NMO. antibody-positive (AQP4+) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and 61 patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated. A: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disorders (MOGAD) is an idiopathic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MOGAD and MS share a frequently relapsing clinical course and lesions with inflammatory demyelinating pathology. Intraorbitally, one sees edematous, enlarged, tortuous optic nerve or nerves bilateral long-segment T2 hyperintensity of anterior segments of the optic nerve sparing of the optic chiasm and retrochiasmatic pathways and perioptic nerve sheath and surrounding orbital fat enhancement. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a distinct central nervous system (CNS) disorder that shares features with multiple sclerosis (MS) and may be misdiagnosed as MS. Intracranial features that suggest MOGAD include childhood acute disseminated encephalomyelitis pattern with diffuse signal abnormality in the cortical gray matter, subcortical white matter, deep white matter, and deep gray matter on T2-weighted and FLAIR images few bilateral T2-hyperintense fluffy and poorly demarcated lesions pontine or thalamic involvement (or both) and cerebellar peduncle lesions in children. We highlight the imaging characteristics of MOGAD and contrast them with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a distinct CNS inflammatory disease with symptoms and imaging findings that overlap other neuroinflammatory disorders.
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